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Ethnicity and Risk for Colorectal Cancers Showing Somatic BRAF V600E Mutation or CpG Island Methylator Phenotype

¹ Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, and ² Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne; ³ Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; ⁴ Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia; ⁵ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; ⁶ Familial Cancer Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research; ⁷ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; ⁸ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; and ⁹ Department of Cellular Pathology, St. Mark's Hospital and Imperial College, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom

Requests for reprints: Dallas R. English, Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Phone: 61-3-8344-0742; Fax: 61-3-9349-5815. E-mail: d.english{at}unimelb.edu.au

Colorectal cancers arising from serrated polyps are characterized by the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and somatic mutation (V600E) in the BRAF proto-oncogene. Few epidemiologic studies have investigated risk factors for these tumors. We conducted a cohort study of 41,328 residents of Melbourne, Australia that included 9,939 participants of southern European origin and 31,389 of Anglo-Celtic origin. Colorectal adenocarcinomas were identified from population-based cancer registries. BRAF V600E mutation in tumors was determined using a PCR-based allelic discrimination method. Tumors were classified as CIMP positive when at least three of five markers (RUNX3, CACNA1G, SOCS1, NEUROG1, and IGF2) were methylated according to MethyLight analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by Cox regression with adjustment for risk factors for colorectal cancer. During follow-up, 718 participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. CIMP assays were done for 579 and BRAF V600E mutation testing for 582. After adjustment for other risk factors, when compared with people of Anglo-Celtic origin, those of southern European origin had lower incidence of colorectal cancer that had CIMP (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16-0.67) or BRAF mutations (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16-0.58) but similar incidence of colorectal cancer without CIMP (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.70-1.05) or BRAF (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.74-1.11). People of southern European origin had lower risk of colorectal cancers with CIMP and BRAF mutation than people of Anglo-Celtic origin, which may in part be due to genetic factors that are less common in people of southern European origin. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(7):1774–80)