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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention (CEBP) publishes original research on cancer causation, mechanisms of carcinogenesis, prevention, and survivorship. The following topics are of special interest: descriptive, analytical, and molecular epidemiology; the use of biomarkers to study the neoplastic and preneoplastic processes; chemoprevention and other types of prevention trials; and the role of behavioral factors in cancer etiology and prevention. Particular attention will be given to the identification of factors associated with various aspects of the carcinogenic process, including genetic susceptibility, host factors, infectious agents, chemical and physical carcinogens, environmental contaminants, dietary components, and behavioral factors such as tobacco use and sun exposure. Besides welcoming manuscripts that address individual subjects in any of the relevant disciplines, the Editors encourage the submission of manuscripts with an interdisciplinary approach.
Descriptions of the types of articles considered for publication (and page limits, if any) are as follows:
Original Research Papers Special Sections
Invited Articles
Submission of a manuscript to CEBP implies that the author(s) of the paper understand and fully accept the policies of the journal as detailed in the &ldquot;Information for Authors.&rdquot; No Prior or Subsequent Publication. When a manuscript is submitted for consideration, the authors should confirm in writing that neither the submitted paper nor any similar paper, in whole or in part, other than an abstract or preliminary communication, has been or will be submitted to or published in any other scientific journal. Permission to reproduce all or parts of articles published in AACR journals must be sought from the AACR Publications Office [phone: (215) 440-9300; fax: (215) 440-9354; e-mail: permissions{at}aacr.org] Embargo Policy. Once submitted, contributions cannot be discussed with the media (including other scientific journals) until one week before the publication date. The information in accepted articles is embargoed from reporting by all media until 12:01 AM (EST) on the mail date of the issue (contact the Publications Office at cebp{at}aacr.org for exact mail dates). Authors who discuss their work with the media during the week before publication must ensure that the media representatives know the embargo policy and the embargo date. Authors arranging their own publicity on their articles are advised to notify the AACR Communications Department in advance [phone: (215) 440-9300; fax: (215) 440-9410; e-mail: communications{at}aacr.org]. Authorship. Who should be listed as an author is determined by the authors or by policies at their institutions, or both. As a general guideline, persons listed as authors should have contributed substantially to: 1) the conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it for important content; and 3) final approval of the version to be published. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all authors have agreed to be authors and have agreed to the manuscript’s content and its submission to the journal. If any changes are proposed to authorship after the manuscript is submitted, including the order of author listing, the corresponding author must provide the AACR Publications Department with signed documentation that the authors involved agree to the changes. CEBP accepts no responsibility for deciding matters of authorship. Image Acquisition and Analysis It is the authors’ responsibility to exercise discretion during data acquisition, where misrepresentation must be avoided. Acquisition of images for comparative purposes must be standardized. Specimen areas should be selected which objectively represent the critical features being presented. Images should be captured in a non-compressing format such as .tif, or .bmp. Authors should retain their unprocessed images and metadata files, as editors may request them to aid in manuscript evaluation. If unprocessed data is unavailable, manuscript evaluation may be delayed until the issue is resolved. Files which have been adjusted in any way should be saved separately from the originals, also in a non-compressed format. Compressing formats, such as .jpg, should only be used for presentation of final figures, where requested, to keep files sizes small for electronic transmission. 8 bit monochrome, or 24 bit RGB acquisition is acceptable for visual documentation, but capture at higher bit depths is generally required for fine analysis of intensity data. Only non-adjusted original files should be used for analysis. If data is presented which includes mathematical representations of pixel intensities and locations, the original unprocessed files must be provided for review. A description of the analysis preparation and techniques should be included in the supplementary data. Image Manipulation The American Association for Cancer Research allows that minimal image adjustment is acceptable for publication in its journals; however, the final image must remain representative of the original data. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable only if they are applied to the whole image and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original, including backgrounds. Non-linear manipulation, such as ’gamma’ should only be used to adjust the overall presentation of the image, to make sure details are visible in the printed form. Alteration to specific features within the image is generally not acceptable. Sub-forms of an image may not be enhanced, obscured, moved or removed in relation to the larger image. Non-linear algorithms to enhance overall presentation such as background subtraction, shading correction, sharpening, despeckling and flattening may be acceptable, but disclosure of adjustment must be included in the legend and the specific techniques must be described in the supplemental data. Descriptions must include the original, unprocessed files for comparison. Image Composites The grouping of images from different originals must be made explicit, both by the arrangement of the figure (i.e., adding dividing lines) and in the text of the figure legend. This also applies to multiple fields taken from the same image (such as individual lanes combined from a single electrophoresis gel), and separate images acquired with different conditions. If dividing lines are not included, they will be added by our production department, and may result in publication delays. Figures presenting merged color images from fluorescence originals must include the original single channel images used to make the merged file. Original images captured as color files are acceptable, but grayscale images are preferred, laid out in sequence as part of the figure. Multiple images may be combined into a single photomontage when the area of interest cannot be captured in a single image. In such a case, all images which make up the montage must be captured using a standardized method. Each smaller image must overlap its neighboring image by ¼ of the shared field in each direction. The outer boundary of the combined image must be clearly delineated with a line. Any post-processing must be done to the total, combined montage. All original images must also be submitted as supplementary data.
Electrophoretic gels and blots Include positive and negative controls, as well as molecular size markers, on each gel and blot. Provide a citation for previously characterized antibodies. For antibodies less well characterized in the system under study, we require a detailed characterization that demonstrates not only the specificity of the antibody, but also the range of reactivity of the reagent in the assay, which will be published as supplementary data. Clearly separate vertically sliced gels that juxtapose lanes that were not contiguous in the experiment or include a line delineating the boundary between the gels. The display of cropped gels and blots in the main paper is encouraged if it improves the clarity and conciseness of the presentation. In such cases, the cropping must be mentioned in the figure legend and the supplementary information should include full-length gels and blots wherever possible. These uncropped images should be labeled as in the main text and placed in a single supplementary figure. The manuscript’s figure legends should state that “full-length blots/gels are presented in Supplemental Figure X.”
Microscopy The most important images should be made available to referees in images that are at least 300 dpi at the size which they will be published. Adjustments should be applied to the entire image. Threshold manipulation, expansion or contraction of signal ranges and the altering of high signals should be avoided. ’Pseudo-coloring’ and nonlinear adjustment (for example ’gamma changes’) are only allowed if unavoidable and must be disclosed. Include the following with the final revised version of the manuscript for publication:
Review Process. All submitted manuscripts are assessed by a Senior Editor, who makes the final recommendation on acceptance or rejection. The Senior Editor will select peer reviewers and makes a recommendation based on their comments; directly select peer reviewers for the manuscript; or determine that the manuscript is not suitable for the journal and return it, without peer review. All reviewers and editors are required to adhere to ethical guidelines that mandate strict confidentiality concerning all aspects of the manuscript and its content. Manuscripts submitted for consideration for publication are privileged communications, and the status of the manuscript and details regarding it are available only to AACR editorial staff, authors, and the editors and peer reviewers involved. Submission of a manuscript implies acceptance by all authors of the strict policy of the AACR that under no circumstances will the identities, or information leading to the identities, of the Senior Editors and reviewers be revealed. Every effort is made to render editorial decisions promptly. Authors may check the status of their manuscripts online (cebp.msubmit.net). Other inquiries should be made to the AACR Publications Department via phone: (215) 440-9300; fax: (215) 440-9337; or email: cebp{at}aacr.org. Conflict of Interest. Journal policy requires that authors, reviewers, and Associate Editors reveal to the Editor-in-Chief or Senior Editors any relationships that they believe could be construed as resulting in an actual, potential, or apparent conflict of interest with regard to the manuscript submitted for review. A all new submissions to all AACR journals must include a completed Conflict of Interest Disclosure form. The submitting author is responsible for either completing the form on behalf of all authors or distributing the form amongst all of the authors for completion. The form must be uploaded in the conflict of interest field on the file upload portion of the author submission form. Only one form per manuscript should be uploaded. Manuscripts uploaded without the form will not enter the peer review process until the form is received. A copy of the form is available at (www.aacr.org/Uploads/DocumentRepository/Journals/AACRSmartSubmit/coi_corresponding_auth.pdf). The existence of financial interests or other relationships of a commercial nature is not necessarily regarded as creating a conflict of interest. Rather, Journal policy represents a recognition of the many factors that can influence judgments about research data and a desire to make as much information as possible available to those reviewing the data. If a potential conflict of interest is disclosed, notification concerning the relationship will be published. Availability of Materials. It is understood that by publishing any work in CEBP the authors agree to make freely available to other academic researchers any of the cells, clones of cells, DNA, antibodies, or other material used in the research reported and not available from commercial suppliers. The publication of articles including new genes, proteins or crystallographic structures is contingent on deposition of the accession number and/or structural coordinates in a publicly accessible database. The reporting requirements extend to the chemical structures of drugs, as well as sequences of oligonucleotides used in antisense strategies and RNA. In addition, AACR journals require the disclosure of chemical structures of any unpublished synthetic, low molecular weight (<1,000 g/mol) chemical compounds used as part of the described research (including clinical studies in humans). These requirements are subject to amendment as the need for disclosure changes with evolving technologies. Also, authors may be required to make primary data available to the Editors-in-Chief if the data needs to be examined to ensure validity. Depositing Data in Public Databases. The AACR requires that authors submitting manuscripts describing microarray data be prepared to supply peer reviewers with the data in a format that conforms to the Minimum Information About a Microarray Gene Experiment (MIAME) guidelines of the Microarray Gene Expression Data society (MGED). These guidelines include a checklist of information to be included with each new microarray submission; the checklist is available online (http://www.mged.org/Workgroups/MIAME/miame_checklist.html). Authors will also be required to deposit the data with either of two public repositories: GEO (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) or Array Express (www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress) and to have the accession numbers available to be published in the article. Authors of manuscripts with new nucleotide or amino acids sequences are asked to deposit the sequence information with GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Building 38A, Rm. 8N-803, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894; phone: (301) 496-2475; fax: (301) 480-9241; e-mail for information: info{at}ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; e-mail for submission: gb-sub{at}ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Authors outside of the United States may elect to deposit sequence information in the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) database (e-mail: datasubs{at}ebi.ac.uk or the DNA Databank of Japan (e-mail: datasub@ddbj.nig.ac.jp). The accession numbers for deposited sequences will be published with the article.
A per-page payment of $60 for the first 6 published pages and $75 for each additional published page will be required for all manuscripts accepted for publication. It is understood at the time of submission that the author(s) agree to pay this charge in the event of publication. Please refer to the section titled Publication Fees and Reprints for details. Under exceptional circumstances, when no grant or other source of support exists, the author(s) may apply to the Publisher at the time of submission for a waiver of the page charges. All such applications must be countersigned by an appropriate institutional official stating that no funds are available for the payment of page charges. Online Submission Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention requires that submissions be made electronically through the SmartSubmit system (cebp.msubmit.net). Complete details on how to submit or resubmit a manuscript can be found when you log on to SmartSubmit to create an author account or on the AACR Website (click here for Author Instructions). Registration When you register online, you will be asked to provide or select the following:
When you have completed the submission form, you will be able to submit your cover letter, manuscript and graphics files, and supplemental data (if necessary). The following are acceptable formats for manuscript files: PDF (for original submissions only; not for revisions), Word, WordPerfect, EPS, text, Postscript, or RTF. The following are acceptable formats for graphics files: TIFF, GIF, JPG, Postscript, or EPS format. Figures/images should NOT be embedded in the manuscript file. PDF files for figures/images are not acceptable. Once you have successfully submitted your manuscript online, you will receive acknowledgement via e-mail. Revisions If you have been asked to revised your paper and you are ready to submit it, log on to the AACR SmartSubmit system (cebp.msubmit.net) and, on your author homepage, click the Revised Manuscript link of the manuscript you wish to resubmit. You will be asked to review the information you originally submitted to confirm its accuracy. In your cover letter, please be sure to provide a point by point reply to the reviewers' comments as well as a listing of the changes made and page numbers where the changes appear. You should use the rebuttal box to provide a listing of the changes made and page numbersWhen you have successfully resubmit your manuscript, you will receive acknowledgement via e-mail. Please note that all authors on a paper will be required to complete Conflict of Interest and Copyright Transfer forms prior to acceptance of any manuscript. The revised version of your manuscript may undergo another review if the original submission required extensive changes or if the authors’ responses to the criticisms entail rebuttal rather than revision. Authors of regular research articles are asked to submit revised versions within 3–4 weeks from the notification of the decision on a manuscript; authors of Advances in Brief are asked to resubmit within 2 weeks. The Editors acknowledge that a longer period might be needed to make the revisions in some cases; however, authors must request an extension by contacting the Publications Office or the resubmission will be considered a new manuscript and it will be subject to all of the conditions of an original submission, including a new manuscript number and a new date of receipt. Appeals for Reconsideration Manuscripts that have been declined for publication will be reconsidered only at the Editor-in-Chief’s or Senior Editor’s discretion. Authors who wish to request reconsideration of a previously rejected manuscript must do so in writing by sending correspondence that includes the manuscript ID number to the Editorial Office either via e-mail to cebp{at}aacr.org or via fax to (215) 440-9323. Requests for reconsideration sent to a location other than the Editorial Office will not receive a reply. In the correspondence, please explain in detail the reasons why you feel the paper should be reconsidered. If the Editor-in-Chief or Senior Editor determines that the paper should be reconsidered, you will be asked to submit it electronically, and it will be assigned a new manuscript identification number and date of receipt, and the paper will undergo review as a new submission.
Papers are to be written in clear, grammatical English and must be typed double-spaced. Papers that are not in CEBP style or that are not in good idiomatic English may be returned to the author without review. Laboratory jargon as well as terminology and abbreviations not consistent with internationally accepted guidelines should be avoided. The AACR journals generally conform to usage guidelines in the following publications: Stedman’s Medical Dictionary (Twenty-seventh Edition, 2000, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD); CBE Style Manual (Sixth Edition, 1994, published by the Council of Biology Editors, Inc., Northbrook, IL). For general guidance on manuscript preparation, consult the documents issued by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (www.icmje.org). Large data sets of peripheral significance to the main thesis of the investigation will not be published in CEBP but may be published in the Data Supplements section of CEBP online. Contact the AACR Publications Department for more information. Supplementary data should be submitted for review with the manuscript. Manuscripts should be arranged in the following order: title, author(s) and complete name(s) and location(s) of institution(s) or laboratory(ies), running title, key words, footnotes, text and references, tables, legends for all illustrations, illustrations, and other material. Numbered and lettered sections in the text should be avoided. Each table and illustration must be cited in order in the text. Simple chemical formulas or mathematical equations should be presented in a form that allows their reproduction in single horizontal lines of type; more complicated mathematical formulas or chemical structures difficult to set in type should be provided for reproduction in the form of line drawings, glossy photographs, or digital files (see Illustrations for more details). Cover Letter. In order to expedite the review process, authors must indicate in a cover letter the specialty area of the paper. Specialty areas are as follows:
Title. Write a brief, informative title limited, if possible, to about 100 characters. It is important for literature retrieval to include in the title the key words that identify the nature of the subject matter, including, if applicable, the species on which the work is done. Avoid expressions such as “Studies on . . .” or “Observations of . . .”, and avoid chemical formulas or abbreviations. Also, do not use Roman or Arabic numerals to designate that the paper is part of a series (see section below on Footnotes). Authors and Affiliations. Authors are urged to include their full names, complete with first and middle names or initials. Academic degrees should not be included. The names and locations of institutions and the laboratories or names and locations of companies should be given. If several institutions are listed on a paper, it should be clearly indicated with which department and institution each author is affiliated by using superscript numbers that correspond to each author’s affiliation. Include the following footnotes to the title page (if applicable) in this order:
Running Title. A brief running title of about 50 characters should be provided. Key Words. On the title page, provide five key words identifying the subject of your article. Footnotes. In most instances information should be presented in the text, not in footnotes. If footnotes are necessary, use superscript Arabic numerals consecutively throughout the text. For footnotes to tables, see the section on Tables. Abstract. The abstract that appears at the beginning of the paper should be concise, yet outline the content of the paper (see the specifications for each type of article for abstract length). Because abstracts are often copied directly by secondary services (such as Medline, Chemical Abstracts, etc.), they should recapitulate in abbreviated form the purpose of the study and the experimental technique, results, and data interpretations. Data such as the number of test subjects and controls, strains of animals or viruses, drug dosages and routes of administration, tumor yields and latent periods, length of observation period, and magnitude of activity should be included. Vague, general statements such as “The significance of the results is discussed,” or “Some physical properties were studied,” are uninformative and not acceptable. All important terms relevant to the content of the paper should be incorporated into the abstract to assist indexers in the derivation of key words. Abbreviations should be kept to an absolute minimum; however, if they are needed, they must be explained at first mention so the abstract can be understood independent of the text. Do not cite references in the abstract. Introduction. It is not necessary to cite all of the background literature in the Introduction. Brief reference to the most pertinent papers generally suffices to acquaint the reader with the findings of others in the field and with the problem or question that the investigation addresses. Materials and Methods. Explanation of the experimental methods should be brief but adequate for repetition by qualified investigators. Procedures that have been published previously should not be described in detail but merely cited appropriate references. Only new and significant modifications of previously published procedures need complete exposition. The sources of special chemicals or preparations used should be given along with their locations (city, state, and country, if not the United States). This Journal endorses the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki and expects that all investigations involving humans will have been performed in accordance with these principles. In particular, papers reporting human experimentation must include a statement that the human investigations were performed after approval by an institutional review board and in accordance with an assurance filed with and approved by the Department of Health and Human Services, where appropriate. Also, papers reporting biomedical research involving human subjects must include a statement that informed consent was obtained from each subject or subject's guardian. To obtain a copy of the Helsinki Declaration, contact the World Medical Association, Bôite Postale 63, 01210, Ferney-Voltaire Cedex, France, or acquire a copy from the WMA Website (www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm). CEBP is a staunch supporter of the most humane treatment of animals in the conduct of scientific studies. For animal experimentation, it is expected that investigators will adhere to the U.S. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, available from the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, RKLI, Suite 360, MSC 7982, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7982, or online (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/olaw.htm#pol). Only results of those experiments, including photographic presentation of data, in which proper attention has been given to ethical considerations toward animals will be published. The United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research’s “Guidelines for the Welfare of Animals in Experimental Neoplasia” (Second Edition, 1997) available online at http://www.ncrn.org.uk/csg/animal_guides_text.pdf.This report encourages researchers to “refine endpoints in experiemental neoplasia and to disseminate best practice by publishing such improvements, to incorporate welfare statements in experimental protocols and to report compliancwith appropriate guidelines in publications.” Results. Include a concise summary of the data presented in tables and illustrations. Excessive elaboration of data already given in tables and illustrations should be avoided. The Results and Discussion sections should be combined if, by so doing, space is saved or the logical sequence of the material is improved. Discussion. The data should be interpreted concisely without repeating material already presented in the Results section. Speculation is permissible, but it must be well founded, and discussion of the wider implications of the findings is encouraged. References. Number the references in the order of their first mention in the text; cite only the number assigned to the reference. The reference list should be limited to only those citations essential to the presentation. When comprehensive review articles are available, citation of the review article is preferred to citing many separate references. Before submission of the paper, authors should verify the accuracy of all references and check that all references have been cited in the text. CEBP reference style follows that of the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, which can be found on the website of the National Library of Medicine (www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html). Use the Medline journal abbreviations and follow the reference style shown on the Website noted above, with the following exceptions:
References Examples Giovannucci E, Pollak M, Liu Y, et al. Nutritional predictors of Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Their Relationships to Cancer in Men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:84–9. Yuspa SH, Hennings H, Roop D, Strickland J, Greenhalgh DA. Genes and mechanisms involved in malignant conversion. In: Harris CC, Liotta LA, editors. Genetic mechanisms in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. New York: Wiley-Liss; 1990. p.115–26. Papers in press. Papers in press may be listed among the references provided a journal name and tentative year of publication can be verified. Unpublished material. Papers in preparation or submitted for publication, unpublished data, and personal communications should be cited in a footnote, not in the Reference section. The names of all authors should be given, along with the title of the paper, if possible. Authors should secure permission from the authors of unpublished material to cite it. Addenda. Data acquired after acceptance of the paper, by the authors themselves or by others, cannot be added to the text. Such addenda are subject to approval by the Editor-in-Chief and could result in delay of publication. Addenda should be kept extremely brief. Tables. Tabular material should not duplicate data already presented in detail in the text, nor should tables be only lists. A table should compare values. If you are putting data in a table, summarize the data in the text and reference the table. Unnecessary columns of data that can easily be derived from other data in the table should not be included. Large groups of individual values should be avoided; instead, these should be averaged and an appropriate designation of the dispersion such as standard deviation or standard error included. Authors are obliged to indicate the significance of their observations by appropriate statistical analysis. Every table must have a descriptive title and enough explanatory information so the reader can understand the data without reference to the text. Each column must carry an appropriate heading and, if measurements are given, the units should be given with the column heading. Number tables using Arabic numerals; table footnotes should be indicated with standard footnote signs: *, †, ‡, §, ||, **, ††, etc. Include a Note after the footnotes in which all abbreviations used in the table that have not been used in the text are explained. Illustrations. Line drawings (graphs) or halftone illustrations (photographs, photomicrographs, electrophoretic patterns) are designated as figures. Figures should be used when salient points need illustration for better comprehension by the reader. Figures should be labeled with the first author's name and the figure number on the front of the figure. Multipart figures should be limited to no more than 4 panels. For halftones, the top of the figure should also be noted. All figures must have legends that briefly describe the data shown; details given in the text of the paper should not be repeated. Stains and original magnifications should be listed where applicable. Each legend should adequately identify all parts, symbols, abbreviations, mathematical expressions, abscissas, ordinates, units, and reference points on the figure. Abbreviations explained in the text of the article need not be re-explained in the figure legend. When graphs are reduced to the size of a single column, the text on them must be no smaller than 6-point type and no larger than 12-point type, and all symbols must be discernible. Avoid gray shading or screening in graphs, particularly bar graphs. Avoid using very thin, broken, or dotted lines. Figure symbols should be defined in the legend. Only those common symbols for which the printer has type should be used. Lines connecting the symbols should not extend beyond the data points. Graphs should be ruled off close to the area occupied by the curve, and abscissas and ordinates should be clearly marked with appropriate units. Explanations of the coordinates should not extend beyond the respective lines. Do not box-in graphs with top and right-hand frame lines unless these are essential for reference. Titles printed outside the confines of the drawing waste space; all of this information should be included in the legend. Also, to conserve space those curves that may appropriately appear together should be included in a single graph. Halftones that must appear together for comparison should be grouped under one figure number with each section given sequential letters (A, B, C) in the upper left-hand corner on the face of the illustration. Composite figures may be mounted on a plate, with the sections butted together and tooling (thin lines) placed between the parts of the figure. For optimal reproduction, the contrast among photographs on a plate should be consistent. The overall dimensions of photographs on a plate should not exceed 18.4 x 22.4 cm (7 ¼ x 9 inches). The minimum dimensions to which the plate can be reduced must be indicated on the back. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background. Internal scale markers should be included on the photographs themselves or the original magnification should be given in the legend because it may be necessary to reduce the figures. Color Photographs. Authors are encouraged to submit color illustrations. The expense of reproducing color photographs must be offset partially by the author. The cost of color reproduction charged to authors is $500 per color figure. Figures mounted together (multi-part figures) are considered one figure. Multi-part figures should be limited to no more than 4 panels. Please note that the author is responsible for submitting prints that are of sufficient quality to permit accurate reproduction, and for approving the final color proof. CEBP assumes no responsibility for the quality of photographs as they appear in the journal. Electronic Submission of Illustrations. Authors may submit illustrations on disk. Contact the AACR Publications Department for a form to enclose with illustrations submitted on disk. Color electronic images should be provided as Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) files using CMYK color format. Black and white illustrations should be provided in TIFF and sized to approximate column width. In all cases, original artwork should also be submitted with the disk. For more detailed information on submitting illustrations electronically, you can visit the Cadmus Journal Services Website at http://cjs.cadmus.com/da/index.asp; send e-mail to digitalart{at}cadmus.com, or call the Digital Art Help Line at 1-800-257-5529, ext. 6985 or (410) 691-6985.
Abbreviations are in general a hindrance to readers in fields other than that of the author(s), to abstractors, and to scientists whose primary language is not English. Authors should limit their use to an absolute minimum. Use only abbreviations for terms that are better known as an abbreviation—such as DNA—or use widely accepted abbreviations. Single words should not be abbreviated—for example, melanoma, folate, vincristine. Abbreviations are not to be used in titles, but running titles may carry abbreviations for brevity. All abbreviations must be explained at first mention unless the term is better known as an abbreviation (see Standard Abbreviations below). Authors should follow the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. Standard Abbreviations. Authors may use, without definition, abbreviations of units of measure when they are used with units (1.5 cm). The following are examples of standard abbreviations that may be used in the text, without explanation:
Use the approved terms and abbreviations for chemical substances recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Comprehensive recommendations on nomenclature are available online (www.iupac.org/dhtml_home.html). Recommended nomenclature for biomedical and physical sciences can be found in Scientific Style and Format, Sixth Edition, Council of Biology Editors (now the Council of Science Editors), 1994 (Available from: www.councilscienceeditors.org). Authors should use the Recommended Name given in Enzyme Nomenclature 1992: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes (Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, 1992). In some cases the Systematic Name or the reaction catalyzed should also be included. It is strongly recommended that the Enzyme Commission number be stated at first mention. Supplements to this work are available online (www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme). Designations for mouse strains should conform to the Rules and Guidelines for Genetic Nomenclature in Mice, from the International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice (Mouse Genome; 1994:92: vii–xxxii) and available online (www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen.shtml). Generic names of drugs are preferred with the brand name included at first mention only to identify new components that may not be recognized by their generic name. If a non-U.S. proprietary name is used, the name of the comparable U. S. product should be given. When there is no generic name for a drug, authors should give the chemical name or formula or a description of the active ingredients. Authors should refer to the formally adopted generic names listed in the current edition of USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names.
8. SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT FILES To expedite publication, accepted manuscripts are copy edited electronically. When submitting revised manuscripts, authors are strongly encouraged to upload original source files into the Rapid Review online submission system. Uploading original source files will greatly facilitate publication of an accepted manuscript. The following are acceptable file formats: Manuscript Files: PDF (for original submissions only; not for revisions), Word, WordPerfect, Encapsulated Postscript (EPS), Text, Postscript, or Rich Text Format (RTF). Graphics Files: TIFF, GIF, JPG, PDF, Postscript, or EPS.
Authors will receive page proofs electronically. Alterations in proof are costly and, if extensive, can lead to publication delays. Authors will be charged for excessive changes in proof not due to printer’s errors. The Editors retain the prerogative to question alterations that do not follow the journal’s style and alterations that might affect the scientific content of the paper. Authors should check their proofs carefully to ensure that all special characters converted properly from the electronic files submitted. Page proofs should be returned to the AACR Publications Department within 24 hours of receipt via an overnight delivery service. Proofs not received by the deadline will be published without the authors’ corrections or publication will be delayed to a later issue. Authors who will not be available to read their proofs should appoint someone to handle the proofreading in their absence.
10. PUBLICATION FEES AND REPRINTS Publication fees for CEBP articles include a per-page charge of $60 for the first 6 published pages and $75 for each additional published page. Articles containing color figures are also subject to a color reproduction charge of $500 per figure. Figures converted to black and white at the proof stage will not have this fee waived. Fees must be agreed to before the article is accepted and are also itemized on the reprint order form that is sent to authors with their proofs. If this form is not in your proof package, the AACR Publications Department should be contacted immediately [phone: (215) 440-9300; fax: (215) 440-9337]. The reprint order form must be completed and returned two weeks before publication, even if reprints are not desired, because payment information for the publication fees is required. Failure to return the form with this information will delay publication of your article. Prepayment for publication fees and, if desired, for reprints, can be made in the form of a check (in U.S. dollars, drawn on a U.S. bank), signed institutional purchase order, or credit card (VISA, Mastercard, American Express) information supplied on the reprint order form, which serves as a proforma invoice. Return the order form and payment made payable to: American Association for Cancer Research, P.O. Box 631060, Baltimore, MD 21263-1060. Reprints are shipped approximately 2 weeks after publication of the journal. Allow extra time for delivery. After publication, the cost of reprints for articles that contain color is much more expensive than before publication, and this cost will be estimated on an individual basis. For such an estimate or if you have any other inquiries regarding reprints, please contact Cadmus Journal Services Reprint Department [phone: 1-800-407-9190 or (410) 819-3992; fax: (410) 820-9765]. A footnote should be supplied indicating to which author reprint requests should be addressed.
As a not-for-profit organization incorporated in the United States, AACR adheres to U.S. copyright law (PL 94-553), which became effective January 1, 1978. The law stipulates that copyright for works is vested in the author from the moment of creation and remains the property of the author until legally transferred. Authors who wish to publish articles and other material in AACR journals must formally transfer copyright to AACR. The copyright transfer form must be signed by all authors before AACR can proceed with publication. Appropriate forms for transfer of copyright will be requested from all authors after a manuscript has been deemed potentially acceptable. Authors—use the form available online (click here for the CEBP Copyright Transfer Form PDF*) or request a form from the AACR Publications Department. The journal will not publish a paper unless the form is properly filled out and signed by all authors.
It is understood in conveying copyright that the authors have not published this material elsewhere, either whole or in part (except in abbreviated form as a preliminary communication or abstract), and that they have neither concluded previous negotiations nor initiated pending negotiations for copyright of this material. The duly authorized agent of a commercial firm or commissioning organization must sign the AACR copyright transfer form if the author prepared the article as part of his or her official duties as an employee. The federal government has determined that it has a nonexclusive right to publish or republish material developed from work performed by federal employees. Since the federal government does not recognize private copyright for work performed by its employees as part of their official duties, the journal will accept papers from government laboratories without copyright transfer, provided that the authors abide by the same provisions required of other authors and sign the appropriate section of our copyright transfer form. Authors of articles published in AACR journals are permitted to use their article or parts of their article in the following ways without requesting permission from the AACR. All such uses must include appropriate attribution to the original AACR publication. Authors may:
The AACR will routinely allow third parties (persons who are not authors) to use all or parts of articles for educational, not-for-profit purposes and for purposes defined as fair use in the copyright law, without charge. Third parties may include select parts of a copyrighted article in published reviews, books, or subsequent papers, provided that the requesting party obtain written permission from the AACR Publications Department. For each requested use of an article, the AACR Permission Request Form should be completed and returned to the AACR Publications Department [Fax: (215) 440-9354; Requests to reproduce an article in its entirety will be considered on an individual basis and permission may be granted contingent upon payment of an appropriate copyright fee. All reproduction requests must include a brief description of intended use. Our standard turnaround time for permission request replies is two weeks. Please note that if a reply is required in five or fewer business days, a $50.00 per request Rush Fee may be assessed. The Rush Fee is levied in addition to any applicable copyright fees.
Free Access to AACR Journal Articles All content of AACR journals is made free (open) to anyone to read or use (subject to the conditions listed above) 12 months after its original publication at our online publishing site www.aacrjournals.org. In addition, AACR provides several hundred countries in the developing world with immediate free access to all AACR journals through the HINARI program (www.who.int/hinari/en/). Funding Agency Requirements Although AACR does not agree with the decision of some funding agencies to require deposit on government websites of articles that are already made available free to anyone online at the Publisher’s expense and that are maintained online in stable archives, we recognize that funding agencies have forbidden their grantees to publish in journals that do not allow such mandated deposits. Because AACR does not wish to do anything that prohibits scientists from publishing in the journal of their choice, we have developed policies to accommodate the mandates of funding agencies. We will continue to work to reduce the literature redundancy these mandates impose, and have decided, for the immediate future, to not add to the financial burden of scientists by imposing fees for mandated deposits. The AACR Board will continue to review our policies to ensure they meet the needs of our authors. National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy Prior to January 11, 2008, authors of manuscripts reporting NIH-funded work that were accepted by a journal after May 2, 2005 were requested but not required to deposit their unedited and unformatted manuscripts on the National Library of Medicine's PubMedCentral (PMC) database. Deposit is now required (mandated) for papers accepted for publication on or after April 7, 2008. NIH-funded authors are not required to deposit manuscripts accepted before that date, and it is not necessary to go back and deposit those papers. The AACR grants permission for authors who have signed our copyright transfer form to deposit their manuscripts on PMC, without formal request or fee, subject to the following conditions:
At the time your paper is accepted for publication, you will be reminded to comply with your funding agency requirement, given a link for PMC deposit, and provided a copy or a link to the copy of the version of the paper that you are required to deposit. Because of the NIH requirement that authors verify the paper and supply various information about their funding, it is not possible at this time for AACR to make the deposit for you. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Howard Hughes Medical Institute scientists who are major authors (usually but not always the first or last author) of original research papers submitted to journals after January 1, 2008, are required to deposit their accepted manuscripts on the National Library of Medicine's PubMedCentral (PMC). The AACR grants such permission to authors who have signed copyright transfer forms, without formal request or fee, subject to the following conditions:
Wellcome-Trust, Cancer Research-UK, or UK Medical Research Council Authors of manuscripts reporting original research funded by the Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research-UK, or the UK Medical Research Council and accepted by an AACR journal after October 1, 2006, are required to deposit their articles on UK PubMedCentral (UKPMC) and allow distribution on PMC international mirror sites (currently only the U.S. PMC). Notwithstanding the terms of the AACR copyright transfer form and policies stated herein, AACR grants permission for such deposit, without formal request or fee, subject to the following conditions:
AACR further recognizes that granting permission to authors to deposit on UKPMC and mirror sites accepted manuscripts reporting work funded by the Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research-UK, or the Medical Research Council includes AACR granting permission for such work to be used freely by anyone for non-commercial purposes so long as proper attribution to authors and original publication are made. This permission applies only to reports of work funded by these UK-based agencies that are accepted by an AACR journal. Commercial purposes are defined, but not limited to, any use that involves the exchange of funds, including resale or funded distribution or use in commercial advertising.
Advertisement insertion orders and copy must be received approximately 5 weeks prior to the date of the issue in which the advertisement is to be published. The journal is mailed on or about the 7th day of each month. Inquiries regarding advertising should be directed to: M.J. Mrvica Associates, Inc., 2 West Taunton Ave., Berlin, NJ 08009; phone: (856) 768-9360; fax: (856) 753-0064; email: dmather{at}mrvica.com.
13. SUBSCRIPTIONS AND BUSINESS INQUIRIES CEBP is published monthly by the AACR. Except for members of the Association, all subscriptions are payable in advance to AACR, Subscription Office, P.O. Box 11806, Birmingham, AL 35202 [phone: 1-800-633-4931 or (205) 995-1567; fax: (205) 995-1588], to which all business communications, remittances (in United States currency or its equivalent), and subscription orders should be sent. The regular annual subscription price of CEBP for members of the AACR (which includes print and online access) is $75 (online-only subscription price is $60). Individuals who are not AACR members may subscribe to Volume 15 (2006) of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention at the rate $180 U.S./$225 foreign. Canadian subscribers should add 7% GST. Changes of address should be sent 60 days in advance and include both old and new addresses. Member subscribershould send changes of address to: AACR Member Services, 615 Chestnut Street, 17th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19106-4404. Nonmember subscribers should send changes of address to: AACR Subscription Office, P.O. Box 11806, Birmingham, AL 35202. No responsibility is accepted by the Editors, by the AACR, Inc., or by Cadmus Journal Services for opinions expressed by the contributors or for the content of advertisements.
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